Capital Homesteading

The Capital Homestead Concept

Throughout history the rich and powerful owned the things that produced the wealth.

When land and people were what produced wealth, the rich and powerful owned land and people.

Today the things that produce most of the wealth are land and technology. In particular, technologies such as machines, robots, rentable structures and advanced information systems are replacing people at their workplaces and threatening their family incomes.

And today, who are the rich and powerful?

The people who own the land and the technology (productive capital).

So what’s the problem?

The problem is that too few own income-producing wealth (capital) and too many own nothing. Many people owe more than they own.

Why Are So Many Citizens Powerless?

If you feel economically insecure or powerless, you’re not alone. The fact is, you are economically vulnerable if you don’t own — as your private property — some of the land and technology that produce most of our wealth.

Economic power is tied closely to political power. It comes from property (the rights and powers of ownership) and the means to acquire property. In today’s 21st century global economy, the most significant forms of property are in advanced technologies and corporate equity.

In the developed countries today, 1% of the population holds the great majority of directly owned corporate shares

When ownership is concentrated, power is concentrated. This is why a few people are very powerful and most people are virtually powerless. The wealth-producing power of an individual worker has not increased much over the last 1,000 years. Poor people and most non-property-owning workers can only produce insecure subsistence incomes from their jobs.

Some people, however, profit from the work that the technology does by owning shares in the companies that use that technology. These people become rich and powerful because they own the things (capital) that produce most of our wealth.

In a democratic and just economy everyone should have an equal opportunity and equal access to the means to own shares in companies that use advanced technology. The U.S. economy, for example, should have programs that lift artificial tax and credit barriers to help every American become an owner of American Industry. Every family could then earn income from jobs and income from capital that every family member would own.

In the Future, Everyone Can Be a Capital Owner

How Could Every Citizen Gain a Capital Income and Economic Power?

Today many people, even the poor, can buy on credit consumer items such as cars, TV sets, clothing and homes. However, these purchases are not income-earning property. They can make the borrower even more economically vulnerable.

Meanwhile, every year, for example, America adds about $2 trillion worth of new productive assets in both the public sector and private sector, or $7,000 for every man, woman, and child. The way these new assets are financed creates few new owners and widens the gap between “haves” and “have-nots.”

There is an alternative that is neither socialism nor capitalism. This “just third way” would be a free enterprise economy, generating private sector profits — but with ownership of the new growth systematically flowing to every individual citizen.

With access to capital credit repayable with the full pre-tax earnings of the capital itself, everyone could gain ownership in the world's expanding technological frontier. We wouldn’t have to take away wealth from those who already own capital.

What is the Capital Homestead Act?

The Capital Homestead Act is designed for the U.S., but could be adopted by any country of the world. It is a modern version of U.S. President Lincoln’s Homestead Act of 1862 which offered a piece of the land frontier to many propertyless Americans. Lincoln’s Homestead Act was one of the most significant economic initiatives in America’s history. It laid the foundation for America’s rise as the world’s greatest industrial power. Unfortunately, the land frontier ran out. Most Americans were never given a chance to share in the ownership and profits of our high-tech industrial frontier, which unlike land has no known limits.

Capital Homesteading would take nothing away from present owners, but would link every American (including the poorest of the poor) to the profits from sustainable economic growth. Every worker and citizen could gain a share in power over technological progress and the tools and enterprises of modern society. Through widespread ownership all citizens would participate in a more democratic economic process, just as they now participate in the democratic political process through access to the ballot.

Under Capital Homesteading, every child born today could gain by age 65:

• $460,000 in tax-sheltered assets.

• $46,000 in annual after-tax income.

• $1.6 million in dividends during that period.

The Capital Homestead Act proposes a number of programs so that every man, woman and child could get interest-free capital credit from a local bank. (Future earnings of the capital purchased would pay off the loans, including bank service fees and premiums to cover capital credit default insurance.) You and every member of your family could get access to this special credit by setting up a tax-sheltered Capital Homestead Account (CHA) — like a “Super-IRA” — at your local bank.

Through your CHA, and with the guidance of your financial advisor, you could purchase with your capital credit part ownership in: 1) companies for which a member of your family works; 2) a company where you have a monthly billing account; or 3) “qualified” companies that are well-managed and highly profitable, like Microsoft, Exxon-Mobil, Proctor & Gamble, IBM, etc.

Companies could also establish Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) for their workers and Consumer Stock Ownership Plans (CSOPs) for their regular customers to borrow funds repayable with future pre-tax profits, for the issuance of new shares or for the purchase of existing shares.

Communities that adopt for-profit Citizens Land Banks (CLBs) – also called for-profit Citizens Land Cooperatives (CLCs) or Community Investment Corporations (CICs) – could attract interest-free credit to buy land for development or build new infrastructure. Every citizen could participate as a shareholder in community land planning and governance decisions. Moreover, each citizen would share in profits from rents and fees for use of land and infrastructure.

Access to capital credit

Through the Capital Homestead Act, access to capital credit — which today helps make the rich richer — would be enshrined in law as a fundamental right of citizenship, like the right to vote.

Using its powers under Sec. 13 of the Federal Reserve Act, the Federal Reserve System would supply local banks with the money needed by businesses to grow. The new money and credit for private sector growth would, however, be “irrigated” through Capital Homestead Accounts and other credit democratization vehicles.

Through a well-regulated central banking system and other safeguards (including capital credit insurance to cover the risk of bad loans), you and all other citizens could purchase with interest-free capital credit, newly issued shares representing newly added machines and structures. These purchases would be paid off with tax-deductible dividends of these companies. Nothing would come out of your pocket or reduce the income you use to put food on your family’s table.

Within a relatively short period of time, you would become a full owner of your shares. For the rest of your life, you would receive a decent and regular income from the earnings of the capital you accumulate over the years. Then you would have income-producing property to pass on to your children. This is how Capital Homesteading works.

Endorsements

"'We may have come over here in different ships but we're in the same boat now!' That was Martin Luther King, Jr.'s message to America in the decade of the sixties; it is his message to us today in the midst of our present crisis. Were he alive today, I think he would be advocating the establishment of CAPITAL HOMESTEADING as the economic paradigm for the 21st Centry. We can do it, if we put our minds to it. We can make the economic empowerment of the American people a "WIN-WIN" situation and not just a ZERO SUM GAME."

The Honorable Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy
former D.C. Representative to the U.S. Congress and
Chairman of the House Banking Subcommittee on
Domestic Monetary Policy

"In the shadow of the old order, a small, spirited group of Americans campaigned audaciously to construct a new order—the U.S. economy reorganized around Louis Kelso's revolutionary principle of universal capital ownership. The revolution, these ambitious activists decided, ought to begin right in the nation's capital—Washington, D.C.—a city mired in financial insolvency, with accelerating social and economic deterioration, with extremes of wealth and poverty as stark as any found in America. Under congressional oversight, the District of Columbia could become the laboratory, they thought, the place where Kelso's ideas were actually applied. If the concept worked for D.C., every citiy and region in America would want to emulate it....

The power of Louis Kelso's vision... has attracted an odd assortment of converts-idealists from right and left and from across the usual racial and religious divides, people who believed Kelso's thinking held the key for renewing American society. Some of them joined with [Norman] Kurland in his Center for Economic and Social Justice to promote a daring experiment: Congress should designate the District of Columbia a "super empowerment zone" that would launch new enterprises and industries (and privatize some governmental functions) through Kelso's mechanism of citizen and worker ownership trusts. new economic development would be attracted to D.C., not by tax subsidies or relaxed laws, but because low-interest capital credit would be available to the community trusts—cheap credit provided through the Federal Reseve's discount lending.


William Greider, One World, Ready or Not:
The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism, Chapter 18, pp. 432-433.

"I believe that our country must pursue financial policies which assist average Amercans to build the wealth they need to become economically secure. Given the uncertainty about the economic future for most Americans, a good argument can be made that present monetary (and fiscal) policies have not truly addressed the public's primary concern: that is, creating stable incomes for all of our citizens who are willing and able to participate in production through their capital, their labor, or both....[I]t seems to me that along with revitalizing the Federal Reserve's discount mechanism to ensure an adequate, asset backed, supply of credit, government should encourage financing mechanisms which tend to broaden, rather than further concentrate, the ownership of productive assets."

Congr. Bennie G. Thompson (D-Mississippi) in letter to
Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan

"Our very intelligent and energetic young people are leaving universities, colleges, vocational training schools and high schools to become unemployed—and wasted. Given the substantial reserve of natural resources in our contry, and given the substantial demand to consume that is suppressed through extensive poverty, who will do something to remove this contradiction of poverty in a land of plenty? Will somebody see this untapped market as a business opportunity and apply the "Capital Homestead Act" for the benefit and prosperity of all in a real market economy?"

Lt. Col. Joseph L. Simbakalia,
Managing Director of the National Development Corporation of Tanzania

"I appreciate your efforts educating to empower the family economically. Your work inspires, encourages, and builds up the whole community, the nation, the world.... Please send me the packet on the [Capital] Homestead Act. I will assist you in every way that I can."

Robert G. Marshall, Delegate to the 13th District,
Commonwealth of Virginia

"[CESJ's] 'Capital Homestead Act' is a comprehensive strategy for enabling every American Family to acquire an industrial-age counterpart of the 160 acre stake in the future growth of the U.S. private sector frontier. I believe the program provides the proper incentives for companies and its employees resulting in significant long-term economic advantages for the American economy. In short, if this does not save the American economy, nothing will."

Letter to Ross Perot from ESOP Attorney Stephen J. Lowney
(Foster, Swift Collins & Smith, Lansing, Michigan)

Safeguards

Various private sector players would have an institutional or personal self-interest to guard against fraud and abuse because each would have something to lose in the marketplace for not guarding against fraud and abuse. Private sector safeguards include:

  • The individual Capital Homesteader;

  • Educational system reforms to raise the level of financial sophistication of borrowers and their families;

  • Competitive financial advisory services, with lawyers, CPAs and other professionals to assist individual borrowers;

  • The chief financial executive of a new or expanding enterprise in need of new productive assets who makes the initial feasibility determinations of each new CH equity issuance;

  • The enterprise's outside financial advisors, attorneys and asset appraisers on new equity issuances;

  • The commercial loan officer of the local bank who determines the commercial feasibility of loans for industrial, commercial, and agricultural projects and local infrastructural improvements and who approves each investment of CH funds;

  • The local bank, which would lose a small amount (e.g. 20% of the unpaid principal) for bad loans, even with the private capital credit insurance covering most of the loss

  • The trust officer of the local bank or financial institution who administers the CH assets as fiduciary on behalf of the Capital Homesteader;

  • Companies competing for assessing risk categories of newly issued CH shares from growing enterprises, pooling risk premiums paid as part of the debt service payments on CH loans, and paying capital credit insurance to lenders on loans in default;

  • Capital credit reinsurance companies competing for the CH credit market by spreading further the risk of the growing capital credit insurance industry

  • One or more bundlers of bank loans, acting like Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac that help establish standards and uniformity among bank lenders, which would take syndicated CH loans to the discount window of the regional Fed for monetizing expanded bank credit for financing regional growth through CHAs.

In addition, the newly issued CH shares would be full voting, full dividend payout shares, with companies allowed to deduct from corporate tax incomes all dividend payouts. These features, not generally available under the current tax and corporate financing system, would add to the accountability and transparency of corporate governance .

Furthermore, the existing machinery of national and provincial or state securities, banking and insurance regulators would catch what falls between the private sector "cracks." In the U.S. these agencies include:

  • The regional Federal Reserve Banks in regulating and decertifying "member banks" that would make CH loans to Capital Homesteaders;

  • The Office of the Federal Comptroller of the Currency;

  • The Securities and Exchange Commission regulating new securities issuances and receiving periodic reports;

  • Internal Revenue Service, in reviewing tax returns of individuals and businesses, and governing tax-deferred equity accumulators like CHAs, ESOPs, CICs, etc.;

  • State securities and insurance regulators;

  • Congressional and state legislative committees responsible for sound economic growth of the private sector.

Credit Vehicles

The Capital Homestead Account or CHA is the primary tax-sheltered vehicle for the democratization of capital credit through local banks. It would enable every man, woman and child to accumulate wealth and receive dividend incomes from newly issued shares in new and growing companies, without being taxed on the accumulations (including property and shares gained through inheritance, savings, and arrangements like ESOPs, CSOPs and CLBs). In addition to serving as a source of capital credit for corporate workers, CHAs would also provide an ownership-building account for individuals who do not work for profit-making enterprises, such as school teachers, civil servants, military personnel, police, and health workers, and for individuals who have no remunerative employment, such as the disabled, the unemployed, homemakers and children.

The Citizens Land Bank or CLB [also known as the for-profit Citizens Land Cooperative (CLC) or Community Investment Corporation (CIC)] allows residents of a community to share in the control and profits associated with land planning and development.

The Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP channels low-cost credit for financing the needs of business corporations (such as expansion, capitalization and ownership transfers), and links private sector workers to ownership shares and dividend incomes in the companies for which they work. Shares acquired on credit by worker-owners are paid for out of the future corporate profits they help to generate.

The Consumer or Customer Stock Ownership Plan or CSOP lets customers of utilities share in the governance and profitability of "natural monopolies," like telecommunications, water and power companies, mass-transit and cable television.

More Articles ...

  1. Summary and Goals